Group-Level Effects

Random assortation with colonization

• Extinctions: If megapatch is degrading, extinctions become very likely on the least productive patches. Dead patches revitalize to prevailing megapatch average productivity, and colonization occurs, probably by a group with relatively high average payof

Consequence:

N-dominant patches will be replaced by the offspring of A-dominant groups, and between-group variance will increase

• Institutions: Individuals in group j decide to do global updating or not en masse at each time step.
Consequence: the replicator dynamic could actually increase the A’s: (WA – WN) >? 0

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